APA Citation Style

Reference List

Journal articles in Online Databases like Academic Search Premiere

Olsson, L. (Winter 1996). Developing Female Rugby Players. International Sports Review 30 (4), 875-900. Retrieved April 10, 2002 from Academic Search Premiere database.

Newspaper articles

Friedman, D. (1999, March 28). Women’s basketball on the rise. Los Angeles Times, p M1. Retrieved August 5, 1999 from LEXIS-NEXIS Academic Universe. 
 
Article from Journal
Keil, K. L. (1998, January February). An Intimate profile of generation X. American Enterprise, a National Magazine of Politics, Business, and Culture, 9, 49 - 51, 59.
 
Book Chapter
Dubow, E. F., & Miller, L. S. (1996). Television violence viewing and aggressive behavior. In T.M. MacBeth(Ed.), Tuning in to young viewers: Social science perspectives on television. (pp 117-147). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
 
Book
Kanon, R. E., & Kozhemiakin, A. V. (Eds.). (1997). Sports in the New Russia. New York: St. Martin's.
 
Website
The History of Women’s Basketball. John Molena. Retrieved August 18, 2003 from http://www.womensbasketballmuseum.com/

APA Citation Style: In-text Citations

Direct Quotations: Note that page numbers are required.

Signal phrase: Introduce the quotation with a signal phrase that includes the author’s last name followed by the year of publication in parentheses. Put the page number in parentheses at the end of the quotations:

According to Whale (2001), “previewing is a crucial step in text comprehension or interpretation” (p. 175).

End of quote citation: If you do not use the author’s name in the signal phrase, then place the author’s name, the date and the page number in parentheses at the end of the quotation:

Teaching comprehension of factual writing is a complex process. Previewing is “a crucial step in text comprehension or interpretation” (Whale, 2001, p. 175).

Summary or Paraphrase: Note that the page number is not required but you may include one if it will help your readers find a specific page in a long work.

Include the author’s last name and the date either in the paraphrase or in parentheses at the end.

Donham (2002) concluded that when students initiated their own research they were more likely to exhibit persistence in their search for information than when the inquiry was teacher-directed.

More than one author, include all their names for as many as five joint authors:

Collaboration between the librarian and the teacher was an essential element in classrooms where resource-based teaching was effective (Donham, Kuhlthau, Bishop, & Oberg).

For six or more authors use et al.

Students who had been taught an information search process model were able to analyze their own research strategies and self-assess not only their product but also their process (Donham et al.).

Unknown author: Use the first word or two of the title in the parenthetical citation.

The Iowa Department of Education has consistently opposed the implementation of statewide testing to determine success or failure of teachers (“State of Education,” 2000).

Secondary sources: If a study is described in another publication and you are using the second publication; only the second publication (Donham & Whale) should appear in your bibliography.

Kuhlthau’s study (as cited in Donham, Bishop, Kuhnthau & Oberg, 1999) is the seminal work on research process among high school students.

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